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Advocates of the Doomed: the refugee crisis of the 1930s in light of American and international refugee policy

33rd Annual Yom HaShoah / Holocaust Remembrance Day exhibit

Pro Refugee Sentiment

Science and Conscience: the life of James Franck 

Authors: J Lemmerich, eBook©2011, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, ©2011., https://ric.on.worldcat.org/oclc/750192971

James Franck (1882-1964) was one of the twentieth century's most respected scientists, known both for his contributions to physics and for his moral courage. During the 1920s, Franck was a prominent figure in the German physics community. His research into the structure of the atom earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1925. After the Nazis seized power in 1933, Franck resigned his professorship at Gottingen in protest against anti-Jewish policies. He soon emigrated to the United States, where, at the University of Chicago, he began innovative research into photosynthesis. 

Dorothy Thompson 

There were some individuals and groups in American society, however, that recognized the enormity of the tragedy that advocated a liberalized immigration policy, people such as journalist Dorothy Thompson almost singlehandedly aroused the American public to the plight of the refugees. Thompson was widely credited with having a considerable part to play in making the Evian Conference a reality through her impassioned article "Refugees: a World Problem" in the journal Foreign Affairs. The link to that 1938 article is here.

Dorothy Thompson supported the repeal of the Neutrality Act and American intervention in Europe. She was surrounded by German American Bund stormtroopers after her interruption. Image courtesy of the Library of Congress.

 

Generally, articles sympathetic to refugees appeared in magazines of limited circulation. Raymond Moley in Today assumed that the United States was committed to the principle of asylum and criticized the attitude of the Department of State toward German refugees, as “bureaucratic pseudo-legalism.” Articles in Collier’s and The New Republic questioned American Immigration policy. Henry Smith Leiper in Current History rejected the notion that allowing additional refugees would increase unemployment. Essentially, these articles were addressing limited audiences of the already concerned and hence had little impact.

Though these publications proved too few and too late, the individual efforts of persons with political, social, and/or financial resources nevertheless saved the lives of thousands of Jews that fell within their spheres of influence.