Background Statement
Though a number of factors contributed to the United States’ ineffective response to the Jewish or, as it was often softened, “European” refugee crisis of the 1930s, a small number of those factors stand out as major contributors to America’s failure to rescue more Jews from Nazi genocide. The situation almost a hundred years ago is similar to today’s stance on immigration and refugees. Vocal anti-refugee/anti-immigrant sentiments are again widely reported in the news media and the American public continues to voice its opposition to immigration in general, regardless of country of origin, as demonstrated in opinion polls throughout the 20th century [see Pew Research Center overview]. This consistent public lack of support for immigrants and refugees has been exasperated by poor government policy. This confluence of public opposition or at least indifference and restrictive government policy had the most dire of effects in the decade leading up to the Holocaust.
America and the Holocaust: a documentary history
Authors: Rafael Medoff 1959-(Author), Print Book 2022, https://ric.on.worldcat.org/oclc/1261879547, New Book D 804.45 U55 M43 2022
"The first comprehensive volume to teach about America's response to the Holocaust through visual media, America and the Holocaust: A Documentary History explores the complex subject through the lens of 100 important documents that help illuminate and amplify key episodes and issues"-- Provided by publisher.
The photo of two Storm Troopers "marking" a Jewish business during the Nazi party boycott of Jewish businesses which began in April, 1933, after Hitler became Chancellor of Germany.
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/boycott-of-jewish-businesses
The sign reads: "Germans! Defend yourselves! Don't buy from Jews!" Berlin, Germany, April 1, 1933
Immediately after the economic boycott began (April 1, 1933), the Nazi government instituted the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service which excluded Jews from all civil service positions
Lat April brought legal restrictions on Jewish attendance at public schools and universities and in May, book burnings began.
Chart explaining the Nuremberg Laws,
This chart was made when the Nuremberg Laws were introduced. It defined the criteria by which legally made someone a Jew, a person of mixed race, or an Aryan. It was based on the grandparent's heritage, and circles showed whether or not there was any Jewish heritage. Blank circles represented no Jewish blood, Half circles represented half-Jewish blood, and full circles represented full Jewish blood.
For more information on the Nuremberg Laws, click here.
“Kristallnacht” - The Night of Shattered Glass
“In just a few hours, 1400 synagogues were desecrated and set alight. Torah scrolls were torched, Jewish homes, businesses, and shops were vandalized and looted.
Click here to view the Online Exhibition to see more.
President Roosevelt's Response to Kristallnacht.
He was the only world leader who publicly said something about this event, yet this brief statement does not even mention Jews despite the fact that only Jews and Jewish institutions and businesses were targetted.
Link to the Jewish Virtual Library for more on this document